electronic payment method Essay -- essays research papers

1.Introduction root rudiment Company operates telecommunications business. Management prepares to launch a new service to the market. The researchers use selective education excavation techniques to grow information of market profile.This paper describes how Market handbasket Analysis (MBA), Memory Based Reasoning (MBR) and Neural Networks (NN) analyze the data. The data analysis methods generate precious information for ABC Company constructing the marketing campaign.Management evaluates the business problems, and converts into the data mining problems. Then they select the right data set and inputs into the data mining models. They collect information from data mining and use it to take actions. These actions bring values to the company. Management measures the results as a feedback to the other research projects.2.Business ProblemsTelecommunications is a heavy competitive market. All telecommunications companies offer similar overlaps and services. ABC Company plans to laun ch a new service - wireless broadband Internet rile. The customers access Internet using GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) through their mobile phones. Although ABC Company captures about 40% of total market share, she understands that only delivery advanced(a) service maintains sustainable competitive advantages.The competitors such as Sunday, SmartTone also plan to delivery some new services using broadband wireless communication. ABC Company performs data analysis to capture information of customers attitudes and market situations. Obviously, a new product delivery is a marketing problem. It is suitable to transform into data analysis problem. Management uses techniques to capture the data. Management has a better understanding to existing market.3.Question 1 - Data Analysis by Market Basket Analysis3.1.Research ObjectivesBy using MBA, ABC Company selects data from customer database. MBA is developed from the retail business. Researchers collect data of customers to see the joint consumed products. MBA uses information about what customer purchase. MBA gives insights into the merchandise by telling the researcher which products tend to be purchased together and which are most are enable to promotion. MBA provides the information that which product customers like to buy.AB... ...HK$ xxxxThe researchers create a data set from the customer information database system. They are valuable input into the data analysis. Researchers easily extract information from the system. The researchers first determine which products that customer most desire, they are listed as following, Customers use Internet accessCustomers use email to transfer the messageCustomers use call promotionCustomers use WAP phone to browse the InternetCustomers are the heavily users

The Role of Women in Ancient Egyptian Society Essay -- Ancient Egypt W

It is difficult to fully understand the position of women in ancient Egyptian family because the understandings of the society and government are still incomplete. There are also two other major problems, those being that there is very little source substantive on women, and the material that has been found was biased by the ideas and minds of previous Egyptologists. The only source material that has survived from great kingdoms of Egypt is material that has been either found in tombs on the walls and sarcophaguses, or carved on major government and religious document. None of the writings on papyrus and other delicate materials survived. This material, which has survived, is the writings of the Egyptian literate male elite. In their writings the also did not show any emotions or feelings, this was not the style of the Egyptian people, writings were purely a get in keeping device. Because of these limitations, It is essential to avoid the temptation to extrapolate from the particular to the general, a process which can only too easily introduce error. Upper carve up men, who had been schooled in their craft, did all the writings. As a result, there is very little material that deal with the lower peasant class. They were all illiterate and unable to present their tales. When studying women in Ancient Egypt, the great majority of the available texts discuss the lives of the upper class, which composed only a small percentage of the Egyptian population. In Pharonic Egypt, women were the legal equals of men. They were not denied any rights in accordance of the law because of their gender. Women, like men, could own property, coming into it either through inheritance, as a payment for goods or services, or through purchase. Women could buy houses and goods, and with them, they were allowed to do as they chose. Being landholders and people of property afforded ancient Egyptian women a reasonable amount of social freedom. They could sound about f reely in towns without veiled faces. In their own homes, women could move about as they pleased, they were not forced to remain in one plane section of the house or forbidden from other common areas as they were in other societies of the time. Women could initiate legal proceedings, and they were responsible for their own actions. They could be the executors of wills and even crisscross their own marriage contrac... ... Egyptian women were looked at differently than men their role was that of the nurturer and the caregiver, the bearer of a familys future. They were just as important to the society as the men. Ancient Egypt was a very complex world, and just as complex was the role that women played in its society. They were not free, plainly they also were not enslaved. They were vital, but only in terms of their husbands and their children. Egypt offered women a far more free life than the rest of the ancient world. In the end, women played a secondary role to men putt ing their desires for achievement aside so their husband could be king. BibliographyFischer, Henry George. Egyptian Women of the Old Kingdom and the Heracleopolitan Period. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York. 1989Hawass, Zahi. dumb Images Women of Pharonic Egypt. Cultural Development Fund, Cairo, Egypt. 1995.Robbins, Gay. Women in Ancient Egypt. St. Martins Press, New York, New York. 1991.Tyldesley, Joyce. Daughters of Isis, Women of Ancient Egypt. Penguin Books, London, England 1995 Watterson, Barbara. Women in Ancient Egypt. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1993

roman empire and mondern day europe Essay -- essays research papers

Part IFigure 3.3 on page 67 illustrate the influence of the Roman Empire in relation to road construction and transportation and the similarities of those early systems with modern day Europe. A great convey of events has occurred between the time periods of the two maps. The first major road system was established by the Roman Empire from 300 BC and onwards, mainly for economic, military, and administrative reasons. The road system relied on solid road engineering methods, including the laying of foundations and the construction of bridges. This was also colligate with the establishment of pan-continental trading routes like the Silk Road that linked Europe and Asia by 100 BC. After the fall of the Roman Empire after the 5th century, integrated road transportation fell out of esteem as most roads were locally constructed and maintained. Due to the lack of maintenance of many road segments, land transport became a very dangerous activity. It wasnt until the creation of modern nat ion-states in the 17th century that national road transportation systems were formally established. Through central government efforts the French built their lofty Roads system spanning 24,000 km, over which a public transport service of stage-coaches carrying passengers and mail was created. The British built a 32,000 km system of turnpikes where tolls have to be paid for the use of a road. It was mostly a private sector effort. 1794 introduced the beginning of modern road transportation with the first ...

Fodorian Naturalistic Semantics and Double Disjunctivitis :: Philosophy

Fodorian representational Semantics and Double DisjunctivitisABSTRACT Direct Informational Semantics, according to which Xs agree (express/mean) X if Xs cause Xs is a law, and Fodorian naturalistic semantics both suffer from double disjunctivitis. I argue that robustness, properly construed, characterizes both represented properties and representing symbolisations two or to a greater extent properties normally regarded as non-disjunctive may each be nomologically connected to a non-disjunctive symbol, and two or more non-disjunctive symbols may each be nomologically connected to a property. This kind of robustness bifurcates the so-called disjunction problem into a Represented-Disjunction Problem, of which Fodor was aware, and a Representer-Disjunction Problem, of which he was on the whole oblivious. Fodor fails to solve these problems his solution to the former, the Asymmetric Dependence Condition, presupposes a successful solution to the latter, while possible responses that Fod or might make to the latter either beg the former or cannot be met or else flout the Naturalistic Requirement and the Atomistic Requirement. Even setting the Representer-Disjunction Problem aside, the Represented-Disjunction Problem does not get solved, because the robustness involving phonological/orthographic sequences (tokens and types) guarantees that nothing can meet the lopsided Dependence Condition. Indeed there is a serious problem of individuating phonological/orthographic tokens and types in a manner that satisfies Fodors expectations. This is made manifest by the presence of orthographic tokens embedded in larger tokens. I. Fodors Naturalization Proposal and the Represented-Disjunction ProblemThe specific task which the naturalization project is designed to pass is to construct an information-based semantic theory that articulates (I) an atomistic and (II) naturalistic i.e., in non-intentional, non-semantic terms sufficient condition for a syntactically primitive pred icate to express a property. (1) For convenience (I) will be referred to as the Atomistic Requirement and (II) as the Naturalistic Requirement. Now if Direct Informational Semantics were correct, tamarao would express the disjunctive property tamarao or thump because, under certain conditions, a thump and a tamarao are each sufficient for its tokening. Thus a tokening of a symbol would be ipso facto true. There would be no accounting for the fact that meaning is robust daunt tokens get caused in all sorts of ways, and they all mean cow for all that. (2) I shall refer to this problem (3) as the Represented-Disjunction Problem, considering that it figures on the represented side. Fodor proposes to solve the Represented-Disjunction Problem without abandoning the main thrust of the information-theoretic account. His proposal (FP) is that X means X if (4)

Linux Networking Capabilities :: Essays Papers

Linux Networking CapabilitiesLinux is a Unix clone written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX compliance. It has solely the features expected in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual retention, sh atomic number 18d libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management and TCP/IP networking. It runs primarily on 386/486/586-based PCs, using the hardware facilities of the 386-processor family to implement these features. Ports to other architectures are underway.Linux is freely available, and no one is required to register their copies with any central authority, so it is difficult to know how many people use up Linux. Several businesses are now surviving solely on selling and supporting Linux, and very few Linux users use those businesses, relatively speaking, and the Linux newsgroups are some of the most heavily read on the internet, s o the number is likely in the hundreds of thousands, but hard numbers are hard to come by. Linux FeaturesMultitasking. Several programs running at once.Multiuser. Several users on the same machine at once. Two-user licenses are not possible.Multiplatform. Runs on many variant CPUs, not just Intel.Multiprocessor. SMP support is available on the Intel and SPARC platforms (with work currently in progress on other platforms), and Linux is used in several loosely-coupled MP applications, including Beowulf systems and the Fujitsu AP1000+ SPARC-based supercomputer.Runs in protected mode on the 386.Memory protection between processes. So that one program cant bring the whole system down.Demand heaps executables. Linux only reads from disk those parts of a program that are actually used.Shared copy-on-write pages among executables. This means that multiple process can use the same memory to run in. When one tries to write to that memory, that page (4KB piece of memory) is copied somewhe re else. Copy-on-write has two benefits increasing speed and decreasing memory use.Virtual memory using leaf (not swapping whole processes) to disk. To a separate partition or a file in the filesystem, or both, with the possibility of adding more swapping areas during runtime. A total of 16 of these 128 MB swapping areas can be used at once, for a theoretical total of 2 GB of useable swap space. It is simple to increase this if necessary, by changing a few lines of source code.Unified memory pool for user programs and disk cache.

Linux Networking Capabilities :: Essays Papers

Linux Networking CapabilitiesLinux is a Unix clone written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX compliance. It has all the features pass judgment in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management and TCP/IP networking. It authorizes mainly on 386/486/586-based PCs, using the catchyware facilities of the 386-processor family to implement these features. Ports to other architectures are underway.Linux is freely available, and no one is required to register their copies with any central authority, so it is difficult to do it how many people use Linux. Several businesses are now surviving solely on selling and supporting Linux, and very few Linux users use those businesses, comparatively speaking, and the Linux newsgroups are some of the most heavily read on the internet, so the num ber is likely in the hundreds of thousands, but hard numbers are hard to come by. Linux FeaturesMultitasking. Several programs running at once.Multiuser. Several users on the same machine at once. Two-user licenses are not possible.Multiplatform. Runs on many different CPUs, not just Intel.Multiprocessor. SMP support is available on the Intel and SPARC platforms (with work currently in progress on other platforms), and Linux is used in several loosely-coupled MP applications, including Beowulf systems and the Fujitsu AP1000+ SPARC-based supercomputer.Runs in protected mode on the 386.Memory protection between processes. So that one program empennaget bring the solely system down.Demand loads executables. Linux only if reads from disk those parts of a program that are actually used.Shared copy-on-write pages among executables. This means that multiple process can use the same memory to run in. When one tries to write to that memory, that page (4KB piece of memory) is copied som ewhere else. Copy-on-write has two benefits increasing speed and decreasing memory use.Virtual memory using paging (not swapping whole processes) to disk. To a separate partition or a file in the filesystem, or both, with the possibility of adding more swapping areas during runtime. A total of 16 of these 128 MB swapping areas can be used at once, for a theoretical total of 2 GB of useable swap space. It is simple to increase this if necessary, by changing a few lines of source code.Unified memory pool for user programs and disk cache.

Ben & Jerry’s Company Analysis †Short Essay

Companies like Ben & Jerrys could definitely be abnormal by high inflation because of the consumer spending. When the consumers are forced to pay higher pr crackpots for products or function that are a necessity, they cut back on products or serv crackpots that are a luxury. Luxuries that are not a necessity to live like gasoline for vehicles or gas to heat homes or even forage will not be bought. Any company that sells a luxury item that is not a necessity to live can be affected by high inflation.With inflation, the price of everything goes up. With that said, the price for companies to buy supplies goes up, meaning that in order to cover their overhead, they will need to find a way to work out that money back which could mean layoffs or raising the price of their goods or products.In a recession, companies like Ben & Jerrys could also face the possibility of beingness negatively affected because of the demand of consumers. Very much like inflation, recession has the same effe ct the consumers do not want to spend their money on luxury items. With the recession, there are more people unemployed who are just barely getting by, therefore, will refuse to spend any money on something that does not decide whether they have a home or not, which includes a luxury item like ice cream. Ben & Jerrys could also be affected because of their stock prices. During a recession, the price of stock usually declines. So, their revenue would be affected as well as their stock, which would result in magnanimous overall performance of the company.Speaking from personal experience, any luxury item that I absolutely do not need, I do not buy. I simply cannot put myself in a position to not pay a bill because I want to treat myself. With all this said, Ben & Jerrys provides a reasonably priced luxury item that I would consider a feel-good luxury item. Everyone loves ice cream, young and old. Consumers unperturbed need to have a quality of demeanor with the changing economic co nditions and if buying an affordable luxury item gives them that, they are going to splurge and buy it.Unlike other luxury items, such as getting clothing and spa appointments, the consumer still gets to feel good and not go broke. Ben & Jerrys makes a one of a kind product, their flavored ice cream, which makes it an unclouded buying decision for the consumer. The text book also explains that McDonalds is not hit as sensitive to the economic conditions for the same reason. Their food is reasonably priced and the consumer still gets to feel like they are treating themselves to restaurant food without breaking the bank.Ben & Jerrys has social, product and economic condition missions that make them popular in their industry. Not exactly do they care about making a profit, but they care about their people, environment and planet. They have mission statements for each of these and they follow through. As a consumer, I would rather buy my luxury item from a company that cares about som ething other than making a buck like their competitors. They make their ice cream to support causes like the recent Imagine Whirled Peace flavor that hosted a competition and donated money to them to support their peace cause.They also have a foundation that gives grants to non-profit organizations that are working for progressive social change. They hold fund-raisers and rally days. They provide hope, awareness and celebration. They also use naturally and humanly produced ingredients as explode of one of their missions as well, which is something that would usually increase the price of any products, but with this company, it is just part of their offering. All in all, they provide more than just ice cream to the consumers which makes them less vulnerable to the economic shocks.

How employee engagement has been forgotten by many andor remembered by few Essay

How employee escort has been forgotten by many and/or remembered by fewIntroduction It is believed that any company which unlocks the secrets of engaging their employees is likely to get in truth high profits. However, this has never been the case. There are eer challenges and confusions which leads to mis purportion hence the failure of the employee engagement. The main cause of this is the lack of congruity when talking about the commentary and besides metre of the employee engagement. Further much, there is also lack of clear distinction between employee engagement and other closely link concepts. This papers groom is to conduct an in depth analysis on the greatness of engaging employees in any activities of a business activity. It will also give recommendations where the importance found from the managers who practice this will be given. Lack of clear explanation is one of the glaring bares that concern the concept of employee engagement. Different categories of indivi duals ranging academic investigateers, corporations, practitioners and many more occupy extensive variations on how they give meanings. The harnessing of an organic laws members selves with aim of making them work their role in engagement, people al focal points express themselves physically, franticly and cognitively during their role performance (Kahn, 1990). An establishment which is always widely associated with employee engagement because of their best-selling book, first-class honours degree, Break all the Rules, The Gallup Organization, have a variant comment. They define engaged employee as one who works with passion and feel a profound connection to the company he or she is working for and have a drive innovation to move the organization forward. Employee engagement may also be defined as a process by dint of which an organization aims to increase commitment of its employees as well as continuation to aid in the achievement of superior results. This definition is according to the International Survey Research. This definition however looks at employees commitment in three different ways. They may include affective, cognitive, and lastly behavioural which incorporates actions, feelings and thoughts. The last definition that is taken into consideration by this paper is the process of translating the employees potentials into the employee performance as well as business success. This as a result changes the ways in which employees perform their duty through utilizing the tools found within the armory of internal communication professional (Shaw, 2005). Before indulging further into the issue of employee engagement, its prudent a proper misgiving of how employee engagement measurement is do. There are reliable metrics that are used to measure the employee engagement despite the rational and emotional components available. There exists some(prenominal) survey instruments that have been used in measuring the employee engagement. This paper howe ver uses the Q12 survey system which was developed by the Gallup Corporation. The Q12 survey involves asking 12 questions which had whole linkages to high performance and measured how well the companies were meeting core requirements for the employees. According to this survey, a high score on the 12 items always reflected the underlying emotional engagement among the employees who took the survey. This engagement leads to improvement in business results, as well as increased levels of productivity, employee retention and profitability (Walker, 2012) When dealing with employee engagement, there are a good turn of colligate concepts which must be put into consideration. The foursome related areas with the employee engagement include organizational citizenship behaviour, job felicity, work engagement and organizational commitment. These four go hand in hand to ensure that proper understanding of the employee engagement as well as its importance. Organizational citizenship behavio ur for a eagle-eyed time has always been referred to as the extra role behaviour. The organizational citizenship behaviour can be defined as the behaviour of an individual which is not explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and in the end promotes the efficient and effective functioning of the organization concerned. Practically, the organizational citizenship behaviour improves efficiency and the strong suit of an organization by supplying support to transformations, adaptations and innovations within the organization. Studying the organizational citizenship behaviour from a macro perspective, its found out that it helps to supply direct support to the organization and the individuals found in the organization. This indirectly supports the organization (Anderson & Williams, 1991). The organizational citizenship behaviour can be divided into many numbfishcategories that gives a common dimension. The sub components includes self-development, organizational loyalty, spor tsmanship, helping behaviour, civic virtue, individual initiative and organizational compliance. When a critical review is done on the definitions of the components mentioned above, its realized that their definitions is more or less the same as that of employee engagement. The helping behaviour talked about bases or implies an act of voluntary helping others and thus preventing the occurrence of any work related problem. Organizational loyalty on the other hand aims at remaining committed to an individuals work even during tough situations. However, the component which tends to show strong relationship with the employee engagement is the individual initiative. It can be defined as the dominateence one puts on a job with extra eagerness or it can be said to be volunteering to perform extra responsibilities as well as encouraging others within the same organization to appraise suit (Podsakoff et al, 2000). Job satisfaction, is also another concept related to the employee engageme nt. A number of scholars have tried to come up with a wholesome definition of job satisfaction. According to Brief and Weiss, 2002, they described it as pleasurable or the positive and emotional state that results from recognizing ones job or the fetch from the job. There existed a number of disagreements whether the initially presumed definition was the exact one. It was found that there were so many shortcomings with the Brief and Weiss definition. This made Weiss to modify the definition. Job satisfaction came to be described as the positive or negative evaluation that a person influences about his or her job situation (Weiss, 2002). From time to time, the definition has always updated so as to include a cognitive component in the measurement of job satisfaction. Work engagement is the third component related to the employee engagement. Work engagement of employees measured or looked at into different categories. It involves vigor, absorption and dedication. Starting with vigou r, it can be described as being fully aerated with energy as well as resilience in job even during the days when nothing serious happens. Dedication involves one being gallant of their work and getting convinced that whatever activity an individual undertakes is significant. Lastly, absorption as a concept means being carried away work to the close that one forgets e genuinelything in the surrounding (Hallberg, 2005). Lastly, the fourth concept related to the employee engagement is the organizational commitment. This concept entails the process that is gone through when obtaining the goals of an organizations fourfold constituencies. The goals ranges from a broad organizational goals and their values to a more specific formulation. Organizational commitment may also be defined as the willingness to persist in a course of action as well as the reluctance to change plans while keeping the main goal to stay on course. Both the definitions highlight the fact that people are committed to multiple entities. These multiple entities involve emotional and rational components (Vance, 2005). The emotional concept is defined as the positive feeling towards an entity while thee rational component means the state of being conscious as well as thoughtful in preparation and executing actions that fulfill commitments. Having dealt with that, its crucial that factors which keep employee engaged are looked into in details. There are three main vital ingredients that make employee engaged. First is the leadership of any particular business organization. The leaders any an organization must set standards that in terms of dedication and then rubs it off to the moderation of the employees. The leaders must be able to make difficult decisions correctly and fairly. Furthermore, they should be competent and show consistency in whatever they do. In areas where this is not displayed by the leaders, the employee always feels looked and upon and as result they are always not engaged in whatever activity they undertake. The employees always talk and so unforesightful leadership may be used as the stepping stone to quit any particular job. Good leadership makes an organization to have a very strong employee engagement hence better results (Taylor, 2014). Secondly, communication and transparency is also a factor or an ingredient that may make your employee engaged or not. This factor however has been underestimated by many and taken for granted. Senior people in an organization always have a notion that employees concern themselves with earning their wage to a larger extent and care very little for other things (Taylor, 2014). The truth of the matter however is that large majority of employees put a quid of emphasis on whether they are regularly being kept in the loop. It always doesnt matter to them whether it concerns their own development or big decisions of the organization. What actually matters is that it concerns everyone. Openness and good communication m akes the employees to feel highly appreciated and hence part of the organization. They dont feel detached. This makes the organization a better present to be in. Lastly, enjoyment is also a key ingredient for engaging employees. The most important aspect of employee engagement is considering the fact that they are human beings. The organization does not run at a loss when they introduce elements of fun in the work place. The fun and enjoyment may range from a number of activities like a dress down party on Fridays, monthly trips, or any other thing that appeals to your employees. The aim of such(prenominal) enjoyment is to make employees feel like they want to work. This will thus make them stay as long as they want. This is however not the case with many jobs. not many employees always want to make their employees have fun. This makes people have negative attitude towards such jobs leading to very few people doing such jobs. On many occasions, work does not necessarily have to be done with a serious mood at all times. The only way an employer can make the employees feel engaged it to make them feel as if work is something that should be enjoyed rather than being a chore (Taylor, 2014). Its and so clear that employee engagement can be grouped into two main broad categories or rather approach. There is the philosophical approach and the pragmatic approach. The philosophical approach deals with the management philosophy that are considered when making overall decisions of a human resource. The pragmatic approach on the other hand deals with the dedication programmes for employee engagement. Here, measurement of engagement is done. None of the approaches either is stated to provide a clear winner when trying to achieve an engaged work force (Shaw, 2005). Having placed more emphasis on the engaged employees, its now prudent to talk about the disengaged employees. Its documented that stress is one of the factors that can dislodge a highly engaged worker from cond ucting his or her duties without other workers or the organization getting aware of the in depth of the problem. Historically, many organizations have not done an in depth survey on how to deal with stress or other emotional problems. The former acting manager of the Freddie Mae, David Kellerman, committed suicide receivable to stress April 22, 2009. His death was attributed to the organizations failure to respond to the signs he was showing. The government seized his company after running at a loss of $108 billion. The work environment was also stressing. As if that was not enough, he always received so much criticism from the media. All these prompted him to commit suicide. This is the worst that happens when employees are not engaged.Recommendations for managers From the readings and research done, the followers are some of the recommendations that ought to be considered by managers to ensure a proper way of promoting customer engagement. The managers should take specific actio ns or steps to achieve success. age doing this, they must always remember that each and every company is unique and therefore the action they take should be specific to that particular company. The customers should always be provided with as much information as possible to help make them engaged. The managers should always know the approach that their organization ought to take and why that approach is important. The employees should also be given the approach used by the organization. When this is done, it makes them know why its done. This makes them feel part and parcel of the organization and hence promotes the level of employee engagement. uncouth agreement should also be made with the employees. This makes them know what is expected of them. Rechanneling of extensive time and resources should be done by the employers. This always forms the basis of creating a saucily employee engagement initiative. A company may be working on the already made initiatives. These initiatives may be giving forth good results. approaching up with a whole new initiative might lead to misdirection in a healthy focus which has been in existence for a long time and thus would lower the progress of a company. Engaging in such activities should be avoided at all cost.Conclusion The concept of employee engagement is one that is very wide. The engagement of employees affects different levels of an organization ranging from micro and macro levels. So as to reduce the existing ambiguity when it comes to matters of the employee engagement, a herd more need to be done in this area. Any organization willing to get better results from applying the issue of employee engagement should do so with a lot of caution. Anything done be based on the strengths and weaknesses found, any related concept as well as all the unveiled fields in the issue of employee engagemenReferences(2006). Gallup Study Engaged employees inspire company innovation. Gallup Management Journal, retrieved from http//g mj.gallup.com/content/defaut.aspx?ci=24880&pg=1.Hagerty, J. & Fields, G. (2009). A Fallen Mortgage Titan, Tragedy amid the Turmoil. Wall Street Journal 6- 5-2009Hallberg, U. (2005). A thesis on fire Studies of work engagement, type a behaviour and burnout. Department of Psychology, Stockhlom University, ISBN 91-7155-171-9Podsakoff, P., Mackenzie, S., Paine, J., Bachrach, D. (2000). Organizational citizenship behavours A critical review of the theoretical and Empirical lit suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 51, 1-56.Shaw, K. (2005). Employment engagement, how to build a high performance workforce. Journal on Human Resource, 0-9547741-3-2.Taylor, R. (2014). Maximising employee engagement. Journal of Leadership. 23-05, 47474Walker, S. (2012). Employee engagement and communication research measurement, strategy and action. London Kogan Page.Williams, L. & Anderson, S. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizens hip and in role behaviours. Journal of Management, 17, 3, 601-617Source document

Old Joe Case Report

In the spring of 2012, our management group, group 7, was assigned to take everyplace a business as top level management. With the only guideline of creating a drastically much capable and profitable organization within a year, we had a lot of go away ahead. The business belonged to Old Joe, an absolute genius engineer who was lacking in business management skills, Fred, a failed engineer with underlying personal issues resulting in harmful activity, and Netty, Old Joes wife. This division of the business specializes in the creation of medical products, and has customers globally.The backwards situation the business was in cannot be oerstated. There was a broad set of battle array back logs, quality riddles, inventory issues, social and culture problems within the conjunction, and several others. With the business in such a dire state, we began our work. scheme Chart Opening Day Q1 * Establish Positions as boss by doing 2 things * Introduce ourselves to all the current char abancs * Sending out a specimen shot by giving the managers a one hour while frame to try and settle their differences. * This leave aloneing make it clear to the managers that henceforth on that point result be no tolerance for social bickering. Begin working on the delinquent backorders worth roughly $16million. By the end of get one, at least 70% of the orders entrust be complete. A lot of overtime is going to be required for this to happen. This result extension problem 3. * Fire Yolanda. She is precisely terrible. This entrust point of reference problem 10. * Demand that Bob apply himself intermit for job related issues. However, knowing that he is going to strive to work against the company goals, the extraction of information from Bob will be the goal. Once this is done, Bob will likewise be fired, which is roughly after 40 days.Promote a hygienic qualified worker to bobs position * Hire a new Human Resources Manager (HRM) to replace Yolanda. The new HRM, Jenny , will be given 2-3 weeks to settle in, and engender to know what the state of the company is, and what is required on his part. * We essential to start on the pay blockade errors right away. Unfortunately, we dont believe we give way the time to fix the problem all together, but we can reduce the amount of errors. We need to reduce the 3 way to punch in into one wizard method. We feel that written time cards would be the surpass way for now. It is quick and can be managed quite easily.We need to have the person ingest out their time card which moldiness be legible. If the time card is not legible, then the employee doesnt get paid for that week until they can prove they worked those hours. The time card must be then signed and reviewed by a supervisor to make sure there are no errors on it. We can then hold the employee and the supervisor accountable for any errors that occur. This can even go through the new HR if problems still occur. This will cover problem 15. * We nee d to have Ed work closely with the new HR that we hired to keep the paycheck errors under control.We are in a position where we need to first minimize the problem, until we have the time and resource to completely fix it. This will address problem 15. * Fred gets put on snug leash right away and given no leeway. His job will be laid out for him step by step and to ensure he is doing his job, we would keep up to date on his problems. Fred will have to answer gauges directly to us and he will not be allowed on the yield floor. That way he wont be down yelling at people and hell be more than foc drilld on his job. Fred is high school in the company and should know how to do his job even though he is not trained for his position.We will keep tabs on Fred ourselves and give him no leeway. I expect him to be a big part of this company getting back on track and his forecasting will help immensely. This will let him know hes on thin ice and make him work harder. He should know how to ma ke a sales forecast so we will push him for better work for now but he will be terminated if he does not shape up. This will address problem 24. * With Bob gone, issues will eventually be solved. Have Ed put aside issues with Harry for working purposes. With bob fired the problems among Ed and Harry will lessen.We need to call them into office together and talk to them face to face. Tell them each that work is work and differences need to be settled. Let them talk out whatever problems they have right then and there because when they leave our office it will be settled. With them working together more efficiently, quality checks will occur and the right products will be make and be made right. This will address problem 1. * Ed will also start to documenting attend toes on how to make products in a detailed step by step fashion as they are needed by company.We require to limit the steps of a process to as simple as 20 steps or under. * All manuals will be step by step detailed pr ocesses but easy to follow. Everything will be laid out for laborers. This will address problem 11. * For the labor grievances, we think that after firing off Bob and Yolanda, we should select the 10 most pressing grievances from the stack of 450, and tell the Union we will be willing to discuss only those grievances in full. This will address problem 16. * If they do not to budge, continue to press the issue calmly and ask them whether it is not reasonable to do this.Arbitration for those 10 will hang in on the table if no median can be reached. This will address problem 16. * Priorities related to the accounts payable and accounts receivable issue * As we have stated in the outline and using some of the ideas discussed in class we must empower Donna to contact customers and tell them we need to get their invoices and payments into us sooner, sort of in a period of about 30-35 days. This process will occur over all periods until we decrease it until our target time. This will ad dress problem 13. vague down the account payables rate by several days with better accuracy of the materials and services traced to the specific accounts. This is a continuous process and will be performed throughout all quarters. We will achieve this by having Donna call our suppliers and telling them we will now pay according to normal business schedules. This will address problem 14. * Work on fencing off inventory room, with only one entrance and have personnel in supply room to check everything going in and out. Fix supply room and make it so it is flowing.No dead ends, color coordinate, One entrance, useful products stay lower on shelves and more convenient to get. Products that are not used at much can stay higher up or farther back in argument room. This will address problem 9. * Harry will be asked to implement some quality measures, Total Quality Management, Quality at the Source, implementing some better use of preventative costs among other things could be used after he helps to implement and empower the proper workers in the quality segment. Value-added measurements should also be apply in the quality metrics so that waste can be eliminated.Also it is imperative to document all processes throughout the plant. This is a continuous effort, and will not end as long as the company is in business. This will address problem 1. * As for future hires, Harry would be best to implement organized training procedures while the new head of HR grows accustomed to company procedures and requirements.. He will work with the new HR manager to give orientations of what the company is about and what is expected by us, the customers, and the company. Harry will also create metrics for determining what qualities are expected from future employees.This will address problem 1. Metrics remainder Q1 quantify by Quarter (x) No. of Grievances (y) succession by Quarter (x) share of Employees Exposed to Orientation (y) clip by Quarter (x) Order Backlog Remaining in Dollar Value in millions (y) while by Quarter (x) Inventory Accuracy part (y) Time by Quarter (x) Payroll Errors / week (y) Time by Quarter (x) AP / AR Days (y) Time by Quarter (x) Percentage of serve well Documentation (y) Time by Quarter (x) R&D projects incomplete / ongoing from Q1 (y) Organization Chart End Q1 Q2 * By Q2, we as the new bosses need to be the bottleneck for the company.Everything that goes through Howard needs to be prioritized by us until the company gets back up to par with all the back orders and other issues that its dealing with. * Howard needs to start documenting all the current information and putting it into a computer system that can be accessed by different department supervisors across the company. This will eliminate any mistakes that could possibly occur with the handwritten process that is currently in place. * Request that Harry and Ivan work together to break in metrics in qualifying suppliers- This will address problem 23. As we have stated i n the outline and using some of the ideas discussed in class, we must empower Donna to contact customers and tell them we need to get their invoices and payments into us sooner, preferably in a period of about 30-35 days. This process will occur over all periods. * Slow down the account payables rate by several days with better accuracy of the materials and services traced to the specific accounts. This is a continuous process and will be performed throughout all quarters. Have Donna call suppliers to slow notify them we are slowing the process in advance. This will address problem 14. Harry should then focus on the supplier metrics with Ivan and develop a scorecard. The scorecard should include total costs of ownership measures-from order to disposal-, saving time from suppliers, and a more subjective measure of sorts on how integrated the supplier is in the process. Have these systems up and running by the end of quarter 2. This will address problem 1. * Harry will implement some quality measures, Total Quality Management, Quality at the Source, implementing some better use of preventative costs among other things could be used after he helps to implement and empower the proper workers in the quality department.Value-added measurements should also be implemented in the quality metrics so that waste can be eliminated. Also it is imperative to document all processes throughout the plant. Instantly and continuous. This will address problem 1. Metrics Ending Q2 Time by Quarter (x) Inventory Accuracy Percentage (y) Time by Quarter (x) Payroll Errors / week (y) Time by Quarter (x) Order Backlog Remaining in Dollar Value in millions (y) Time by Quarter (x) AP / AR Days (y) Time by Quarter (x) R&D projects incomplete / ongoing from Q1 (y) Time by Quarter (x) Percentage of Process Documentation (y)Organization Chart Ending Q2 Q3 * In Q3, train Howard to what the company needs most that way he can have an understanding of what the company needs first which will allow for us to be taken out of the picture, thus eliminating the bottleneck for this department of the company. * Howard needs to set up a communication system such as email for many of the supervisors or managers of the company which will greatly increase communication within the departments. This could have a significant effect on sale and design which would lead to new products being developed or at least thought about. Once the errors have been minimized, we can then work with Howard to install a way for the employee to punch in using a computer that can only be accessed by management. With this process in place, there will be no errors with the paychecks, freeing up time for everyone for not having to deal with these problems anymore. * As we have stated in the outline and using some of the ideas discussed in class, we must empower Donna to contact customers and tell them we need to get their invoices and payments into us sooner, preferably in a period of about 30-35 days.This pr ocess will occur over all periods. This will address problem 13. * Metrics for the companys performance should be created last, only because we need to wait for the actions to be taken, and should include fiscal measures including gross profit, value-added measurements on the whole process, circle counting. This way we can find what process are waste and unnecessary, and perhaps some ROI on the new investments made in R&D to potentially expand product lines and fortify their complementary products. This will address problem 1. * Physical inventory count will start. 3 day weekend, overtime will be handed out to those who come help with the count) * Two people will be hired for cycle counting after the physical inventory count has been completed. Katt and Ivan will be working together, utilizing the cycle counting as a form of checks and balances to ensure that the purchases do not step out of line with the predictions. This will address problem 9. Metrics Ending Q3 Time by Quarter ( x) Payroll Errors / week (y) Time by Quarter (x) Inventory Accuracy Percentage (y) Time by Quarter (x) AP / AR Days (y) Time by Quarter (x) R&D projects incomplete / ongoing from Q1 (y)Time by Quarter (x) Percentage of Process Documentation (y) Organization Chart Ending Q3 Q4 * At this point, the company should be running jolly smoothly. Majority if not all of the problems would have been solved. The company will focus more on R&D at this point in order to increase profitability in the future. Metrics will play a large role in quality management of both processes and employees. Metrics Ending Q4 Time by Quarter (x) Inventory Accuracy Percentage (y) Time by Quarter (x) AP / AR Days (y) Time by Quarter (x) Percentage of Process Documentation (y) Organization Chart Ending Q4

Retail Management Essay

What laughingstock an independent retailer learn from this case? An independent retailer can pull several insights from this reading. First and foremost the market is becoming severely competitive which means that independent retailers will have to adapt to the environment. Adaptations such as benchmarking other retailers, pinpointing customer needs & wants, developing a long-term strategy for adaptation are to be made. It is imperative that retailers find ways to draw-in and maintain customers by changing with the market.Soft line specialty stores have found that the recent economic downturn has hurt the industry and in turn created intense contender for retailers to find new ways to get more sales from existing customers. Some good ideas for retailers to consider after reading this case are, repositioning gray images, continuing to target the youth market, and creating a life cycle of retailing whereas, when a customer out amazes a particular brand, you have another brand for th e consumer to grow into. There are also many ways that our ever-advancing technology can be incorporated into retailing to aid companies in increasing revenues.

Health and Care Level 2

1 Understand why converse is the working setting 1. 1 Identify the differentreasons hoi polloi notify As a human being we have the sense to have others around us and as a result it is essential to communicate. converse is a two way fulfill and is a vital tool in our lives so it is very important to have a bang-up discourse. Reasons to communicate -To express inescapably -To share and exchange ideas -To give and receive reading and instructions -To socialise and share experiences -To build kinship To reas undisputable -To express feelings and emotions -To figure and to be understood 1. 2 Explain how affective communication affects every(prenominal) aspects of the learners work. Within the care setting its vital to communicate with people at all time. Effective communication is important as ensuresthat isclear, concise, accurate, informative and most of all non-judgemental. Communication ensures affective team working and continui ty of care. 1. 3Why it is important to observe an individuals reactions when communicating with them Communication is a two-way process when two individuals interact with for each one other.One individual is de sender and the other person automatically becomes the receiver. Observing face and torso reaction is very important beca habit only 70-80% of communication is verbal so for that reason if you dont pay attention you can miss reveal on a large proportion of the communication. When working with an individual, supporters must get to know the person well and learn the best way to communicate with them as everyone has different inescapably. 2. 1Show how to figure out an individuals communication and language needinesss, wishes and preferences.thither are many ways of communication and people communicate in all sort of different ways, for that reason we should set roughlywhat to communicate with the person we are caring for in the easiest way as doable. One of the ways to run across out a persons needs and preferences is by ask the person themselves as they are your best source of information. Otherwise you can speak to a family member or a close friend as they will probably have a great source of information. Another way to find out your clients wishes and preferences is by rakeing their care plan or asking a colleague with previous experience with a client. . 2 Demonstrate communication methods that meet an individuals communication needs, wishes and preferences. Overcoming language differences and communication. initiative of all you will need to find out where the person is from and their culture, a use of a dictionary in their language will withal servicing and be prepared to learn a fill words in their language. Other ways of overcoming the language barriers is the use of flashcards to indicate there needs still the most effective way communication with a person who speaks another language is a non-verbal communication.The use of gestur es can also be helpful notwithstanding bear in mind that some gestures can be extremely offensive in some cultures. An interpreter is also another alternative in a serious discussion. A smile and a friendly face can be the key to overcome communication barriers. Meeting communication needs for soulfulness with a hearing impairment. First of all make sure the persons hearing aid is working properly, installed with working batteries, clean, and that the person hearing aid is fitted correctly. look the place where you sitting is quiet, light, and close enough so that the person can see your face understandably.Some people with hearing impairment will lip read while others will use a form of sign language for communication. Give the service user extra time to process what you are nerve-wracking to say, speak clearly and in the right tone of persona. Meeting communication needs for someone with visual impairment. As a carer we should know that a person with visual impairment is not sure what is going on around them because of their disability. The ways of overcoming that barrier making sure that you introduce yourself when entering their room -speaking clearly in a right tone of voice using touch to the hand and arm as manifestation you are concerned and sympathetic -find out from the client what system of communication they require -never steer the arm of someone who is visually impaired to help them move around, allow the person the person to take your arm and ask for guidance. Meeting communication needs of people with physical disability. There is different ways to deal with disability because it would depend on the record of the disability or illness. For example if your client had a stroke you will need to use very short sentences, speaking slowly and allowing the person to process what you have said and compose a reply.Using gestures and simple questions which only need a yes or a no answer is always a good method of communication. Writing, drawing or using flash cards is also another way of communication. Neurone disease or cerebral palsy can also lead to speech difficulty, it means that there is no need to speak slowly as the person will understand perfectly what you are saying but it will be difficult to reply back to you. Also you will have to become familiar with sounds and the way the person communicate. Meeting the communication needs of people with a learning disability.When working with people with learning disability you have to adjust to their way of communication. You should gatherer essential information closely the person and their level of understanding and kind of communication is most effective. One of the ways to communicate with a person with learning disability is physical contact, some people have a better understanding with physical level rather than a verbal level, but this will depend in each individual. 2. 3How and when to try advice almost communication The best way to find out in who to communicat e with a person is asking themselves.However if communication is not possible you can ask their family or a close friend. Nevertheless when communication is hard and you fill that the person you are communicating with is not capturing the message you should seek advice by asking your line manager in getting specialists or organisations involved and helping you to communicate. There are many organisations with specified knowledge about communication with individuals with sensational loss. Do not assume you can do everything yourself. You should seek advicewhenever you have doubts so you can provide the best service possible. . 1 Identify barriers to effective communication There are many barriers which effect communication. Culture is one of them. We take for granted that everyone has the same view of point of communication. In some cultures a younger person shouldnt have eye contact with the oldest and some articular gestures can be very disrespectful. The is also the language barr ier, so remember when communicating with a person who speaks a different language from you, you should speak clearly, using proper words without abbreviation, in a right line of credit of voice.Communicating with people with sensory loss can be a barrier. The best way to overcome the barriers -list the problems to the communication. -list the ways you could try to overcome the communication problems. 3. 2Demonstrate ways to shrink barriers to effect communication -making the person feel as comfortable as possible -use gestures and pictures -give extra time for the person to process what you have said -smile, screening a positive expression -be warn and encouraging -make use of a dictionary if needed -speak clearly in a right tone of voice check hearing aid to see if it is working properly -use appropriate signing -use writing communication -reduce noise and improve lighting -repeating information if needful -keep calm and remain patient -keep talk sort and simple with someone w ho has difficulty in replay -judge appropriate level of communication -make sure conversation has been understood Remember you should always give your client the opportunity to express their needs and preferences Demonstrate ways to check that communication has been understood Making sure the person understood the conversation is vital.You can do that by -listening effectively -ask the person to recap the discussion -maintain eye contact, to the persons reaction -use of consistency language -make use of questions like (what, how, why, when and where) -showing interest to the conversation by leaning slightly -check their facial expression to see if the person has engaged in the conversation. 3. 4 Identify sources of information and support or services to enable more effective communication Language issues You may need the service of an interpreter.You can find details of how to contact one from your line manager, social services, police, embassy or the consulate of the person in nee d. Illness that affect peoples ability to produce sounds, use their neck and facial muscles may need the use of assistive technology. Some people will need advice of a speech and language therapist. People with sensory loss can use the NRCPD. This includes sign language, interpreters, lip readers, deaf blind communication and note takes. 4. 1Explain the term confidentialityConfidentiality means not sharing information about someones private personal information without their knowledge and consent. 4. 2Demonstrate confidentiality in a day-to-day communication in line with agreed ways of communication All theinformation someone gives or is given on their behalf to an organisation is confidential and it should not be passed on. In some situations personal information needs to be passed on to a hospital, residential home, to a private agency. However only the information which is required should be given.It is unethical to disclose of any information or talk about peoples personal issue s with family, friends and colleagues. 4. 3 Describe situations where information normally considered to be confidential might need to be passed on There are many situations where confidential information should be passed on. If you receive an information about child abuse you should report the information even if the child refuses to agree. nevertheless if an adult or an elderly person has been abused you have to have their consent, you can only persuade them to allow you to pass on the information.Police might need personal information about an individual if they have been involved in a serious crime. In a situation when an individual threats to harm someone else or if they put others in danger. 4. 4 Explain how and when to seek advice about confidentiality If you are unsure when to maintain confidentiality you should seek advice from your manager whether is regarding clients or colleagues. Maintaining trust and relationship with others is very important so check the organisation on information and confidentiality

Motifs in “The Scarlet Letter” by Hawthorne Essay

In a novel of sin and redemption, symbolism is use to gallop the significance of certain aspects. Throughout The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne uses a barrage of themes, motifs, and symbolisms. These images help to unify the novel and enrich the meaning behind the work. Early in the novel, Hawthorne refers to iron, oak, custody mainly to demonstrate the Puritanism that takes place in the novel. However, he also uses these symbolic items to display the bonds between characters and what they believe in. In the first paragraph of the novel, Hawthorne describes the prison doorway which was heavily timbered with oak and studded with iron spikes (Pg. 33) to flaunt the austerity and illustrate what times were like right off the bat. He uses verisimilitude to liken the callosity of the prude ethic to the portal behind which go the criminals who dont follow these guidelines. The symbolism in this situation is used to intensify the importance of the puritan ethic in the novel.To elucidate Heste rs desire to move back to England, and her morals for staying, Hawthorne states that The chain that bound her here was of iron links, and galling to her inmost soul, however never could be broken. (Pg. 55) Even though she knew she could move back anytime she wanted, Hester felt fervent on staying in New England to prove herself to everyone. In this case Hawthorne used symbolism to enact the bond between man and nature. Hester was bound to the land through a chain of fulfillment. Hawthorne also uses symbolism to form a correlativity between different chapters in the novel. On the first page, Hawthorne describes the prison door as a portal to doom. In The governors Hall, Hawthorne described the Governors door as a door to liberty. If Hester lifted the iron hammer (Pg. 71) and entered the Governors home, she would be taking the first step to emancipation from her sin. The belong way Hawthorne uses symbolism is to illustrate Hesters link to Dimmesdale.Hester knew there was a respon sibility posed upon her which she allocated to the reverend. Here was the iron link of mutual aversion which neither he nor she could break. (Pg. 109) This connection was what bonded the two together. Although all Hesters links to her world were gone, she would always have the tie between herself and Dimmesdale, though an obligation to withhold, that would last forever. The Scarlet Letter used symbolism to intensify, explain, and link many things together throughout the novel. Iron, oak, and chains are few of numerous symbols Hawthorne uses throughout the novel. Without therepresentation of these images, the bosh would not have been unified under one central theme. The motifs in the novel branch out from one idea. The signs and symbols we recognize help us to notify this account of love, sin, and salvation.

Inside Job Documentary Film Essay

The Inside Job word picture ( nonsubjective record) draws parallel views to the referenced text edition Impact on Accounting of this course coupled with the associated interrogation executed during the away weeks with respect to rationality the cause of the fiscal crisis.The documentary film zeros in on the contributory factors of the fiscal crisis such as falling interest rates, securitization of space mortgages and credit remissness swaps (derivatives). Other stunning contributory factors expressed in the documentary film were greed in addition to the deregulation and an unsupervised financial labor by the Federal presidential term.Snyder (2011) newspapered that, There have been several deregulations in the financial and housing markets over the sometime(prenominal) 30 years. Some of these include The Depository Institutions Deregulation and M anetary Control answer, the Federal Home contribute Bank Board establishing adjustable mortgages, the 1982 Garn-St Germain De pository Institutions Act establishing a secondary mortgage market, the repeal of the Glass-Stegall Act allowing commercial and investment banks to merge, and the 2004 SECs deregulation of investment banks, allowing investment banks to increase their leverage ratio from 121 to 301. (pages 1-16)After researching the cause of the financial crisis, though seemingly insignificant to some, one of the fastening screws that aided in the great fall with respect to the financial industry was falling interest rates. During the early 2000s the linked States economy began to slow down and in an effort to rejuvenate this downward condition the Federal arrest introduced a stimulation project to cut interest rates to induce customer spending. Investors took advantage of this excitant exercise as the return on mortgage backed securities was attractive and as a conclusion on that point was a boost and desire to purchase such securities.Consequently, lendinginstitutions became very excited as t he demand for mortgage backed securities increased and thus the quest began to write more mortgages. Hence, the qualifying standards for add approvals were done away with allowing a prospective home owner getting approval with zero-down. The introduction of no payment down increased the likelihood of failure to pay by borrowers and this default risk thence was disregarded.Another supporting aspect of the documentary film with respect to the cause of the financial crisis was securitization. Historically during the beneficial age, a home mortgage was a loan contract between the borrower and financial institution which was support by tangible property used as collateral. Such loans would be held until the full loan pledge has been satisfied in the long term. Conversely to the days of old, financial institutions sought new innovative promoter to generate income and came up with securitization of home mortgages.In this sense, during the 1990s, home mortgages were not held to maturity but instead the spunky risk home mortgages were, bundled, repackaged and resell creating mortgage backed securities whereby income is received when homeowners satisfied their home mortgage indebtedness. Despondently, when borrowers defaulted on their home mortgages, investors suffered dearly as losses were realised, consequently, financial institutions collapsed and unemployment rose above its usual average rate.Other research has concluded that derivatives also played a psyche role in the financial crisis. Derivatives are financial contracts between two parties of which the value can derived with not affiliation to the good or service. For example, a buyer can purchase an survival of the fittest agreement to buy a good or service in the future at an agreed price within a specified time frame.Within the presumptuousness period the buyer may exercise the right to purchase or chose not to upon weighing the benefits of the option contract with the current market conditions. One type of derivatives that aided in the financial crisis was credit default swaps (CDS) which allowed investors to participate in naked CDS purchases without having legal ownership of the insured property. CDS is an innovative and prevalent derivative which is resembling to an insurance contract that permits investors to transfer risk to other parties who are more qualified and willing to domiciliate it, thus making itvery attractive risk mitigation tool.CDS became extremely popular and experienced an peculiar demand up to the latter part of 2007. However, since the derivatives market was not regulated companies such as AIG which sold jillions of swaps without collateral or reserves to satisfy potential losses. fit to Hobbs (2011), at the end of 2007 AIG credit debt obligation totaled $562 billion which was shockingly ironic that an insurance company would fail to hedge such literal risk.Charles Fergusons award winning documentary film Inside Job narrated by Matt Damon surveyed the deregulation of the financial industry and explored how the lack of good ethical banking practices assisted in creating the financial crisis.This jaw falling documentary in its fearless interviews and prying identified greed and deregulation by the Federal government as principle causes of the financial crisis. At the twilight of 1981 the Ronal Regan administration made the deregulation of the financial industry pourboire priority and the highest order of business in an effort to restore economic prosperity. Froese (2011) stated that, The candidacy trend of deregulation was followed through by the Bill Clinton and George Bush administration team. (p. 59-75). According to Maxwell (2011), The documentary film sets out to prove the idea by first pointing to the 1980s, when deregulation of the financial industry in the US allowed banks and loan companies to begin taking bigger risks with depositors money. (p.16)The documentary film exposed the recycling of extend bank executives being integrated into key government positions even after having full knowledge of fuck up and unethical behavior goaded by greed. The greed for lavish lifestyle such as having sixsome airplanes, helicopters, yachts, beachfront homes and penthouses was evident in the documentary film.Apparently, the more money aggrandisement bankers earned the more they seem to want. The reservoir of this greed was driven by huge compensation and hefty bonuses. According to Ferguson (2010), Richard Fuld the CEO of Lehman Brothers actually was exactly ever seen on the trading floor as he went out of his way to avoid finish up with other employees even to the extent of extent of installing a personal elevator that took him to his office undetected.These chief top guns even went to the extent to cheat the government of taxes by understating theirincome. Sterngold (2011) reported that, Oliver Budde, a former attorney for the financial services firm Lehman Brothers, has charged that the bankrupt companys former Chief executive director Officer (CEO) Richard S. Fuld lied to Congress when stating the amount of his salary and other compensation from 2000-2007. Budde, whose duties included preparing Lehmans financial statements on executive salaries, says that Fuld understated the amount of his payment by hundreds of millions of dollars. (p, 56-59).Under the Regan administration CEO of the treasury, ML Donald deregulated the Savings and Loans which created a platform for unsafe investments by allowing hundreds of financially dead institutions to continue to operate spot making more risky loans. Within 10 years hundreds of Savings and Loans companies became in sournt which resulted in 124 billion dollars of tax payers money. Greenspan supported Charles Keatings business plans verifying that they were sound, proficient and without risk.It was later discovered that Keating who owned one of the Savings and Loans companies in California, used investors money to support his perso nal company and eventually went to prison as a result. While on the other hand, Greenspan was promoted appointed as president of the Federal Reserve by Ronald Ragan and was reappointed by Clinton and Bush administration to police the big bucks. It was also alleged that Greenspan received a kickback of 40,000 for formalize Keatings report Keating afloat in the industry.Deregulation continued under the Clinton administration congress worried the Glass-Steagall Act by passing the Gramm-Leach Bliley Act which facilitated the Citigroup merger. Further, despite the cries to regulate the derivatives industry, Alan Greenspan in addition to other congressmen brought well-nigh the Commodity Futures Modernization Act banning all regulation in the derivatives market.Other new theories that actual from the documentary film were economists, credit rating agencies and top executives have all contributed to the financial crisis. It was unthinkable that honourable economists failed miserably to d isclose any conflict of interest regarding their economic research report concerning economic trend. According to Ferguson (2010), economist Frederic Mishkin stated in his economic research report thatIcelands economy had already adjusted to financial liberalization and that while prudential regulation and supervision was quite strong, however, the banking industry in Iceland change integrity shortly after the report.Frederic was paid $124,000 by the Iceland government to write the report even though the report proved to be very wrong. Another economist, Robert Glenn Hubbard former head of President Bush council of economic advisors, when asked whether there is and conflict of interest of economists he avoided the question and stated that most economist are not sloshed people. The documentary exposed him for having an annual salary of $150,000 as a board member of Met Life and that he formally served on the board of Capmark Financial Corporation, a mortgage institution that went bankrupt during the bubble.The documentary film brought the curtains down on credit rating agencies as it provided undeniable evidence of their involvement in the financial crisis . The three credit agencies namely, Standard & Poor, Moodys, and Fitch misrepresented the credit rating of companies such as Lehman Brother, Merrill Lynch, AIG and Bear Sterns as they were all given credit rating of AA and above just weeks prior to fitting bankrupt.Questions were put to the governor of the Federal Reserve, Frederic Mishkin whether he was aware of excellent credit ratings and as in the past he danced around the question without providing clear answer. In 2008 Frederic Mishkin resigned in the height of the economic crisis and said that this coward expire was owed to him reviewing some university book. Investors depend heavily on security rating for decision making. Clearly if a security has been classified as AAA and AA ratings, they appear to be as safe as government bonds.Instead, inve stors were deceived into drop in insolvent companies as a result of the ratings provided thereof.Continuing, top executives were also woven in the textile of the financial crisis whereby top Chief Executive Officers walked away with top dollars. It is said that follow the money to solve the crime. The documentary film listed top guns such as Lehman Brothers CEO, Richard Fuld who reaped in 485 million, AIGs CEO went smiling with earnings of 315 million and Merrill Lynch raked in 161 million of severance bonus.Other culprits named wereBear Sterns CEO and especially Goldman Sachs top executives. Apparently, these top executives had much knowledge of their falling companies and cooked the books so that investors would believe otherwise. What come out of the documentary film was that executives were rewarded for selling subprime mortgage investments as if it was top priority.Below are exhibits A and B and key players in the financial crisisExhibit A study Players identifies in Week 2Ex hibit BMajor Players in Inside Job Film1. Homeowners2. Financial / lending institutions3. Wall Street4. Federal government5. Securities Exchange armorial bearing1. Homeowners2. Financial / lending institutions3. Wall Street4. Federal Government5. Securities Exchange Commission6. Economist7. Credit Rating Agencies8. Top ExecutivesThe new players pulled from the documentary film are economists, credit agencies and top banking executives. Economists were apparently paid handsomely to produce favorable reports of which most did not disclose their connected conflict of interest. Credit rating agencies also provided falsified rating to dying institutions and as a result investors were misinformed and consequently realized losses which could have been prevented. Lastly top banking officials were recycled throughout the government and other top ranking banks.They were driven by greed andreceived compensation of up to 485 million dollars. Bringing it all together, I potently believe that they were all in it together with the object to rape the economy of its finances and so they did successfully without being prosecuted.APA Format ReferencesGlobal Economic Crisis Resource Center (2010). Global economic crisis Impact on accounting. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage LearningSnyder, T. (2011). How did deregulation and financial innovations impact housing, wealth, and output?. Journal Of Finance & Accountancy,Hobbs, J. (2011). Financial Derivatives, the Mismanagement of guess and the Case of AIG. CPCU Ejournal, 1-8.Ferguson, C. (Director) & Marrs, A. (Producer). (2010) Inside Job Motion Picture. United States Sony Picture ClassicsFroese, R. (2011). THE LIMITS OF INSIDE JOB CRISIS, IDEOLOGY, AND THE BURDEN OF CAPITALISM. Studies In semipolitical Economy A Socialist Review, (88), 59-75.Sterngold, J. (2010). Who Cares About Another $200 Million?. Bloomberg Businessweek, (4177), 56-59.Maxwell, C. (2011). Inside the crash. Director (00123242), 65(4), 16.

Thomas Jefferson report card

The Barbara Pirates are a great example as to how Jefferson dealt with problems with foreign people. The pirates would take crew members from ships and demand payment on behalf of America, after making the decision to cat an end to the payments to the pirates Jefferson sent a naval to punish them although semi contradicting his devotion to peace and economy. Later on after in 181 5 Stephen Decatur was sent to the Mediterranean to where a treaty renouncing both raids and tribute were signed.Although It wasnt something wholly eliminating the racketeers from being wicked it quench was a success on behalf of Jefferson he was able to lead the knowledge base toward a path of free seas and peace for all nations. Jefferson so far was able to put to death his promises to keep peace and friendship with separate nations. The relations between the new United States and European nations were pleasant and the Barbara Pirates had compelled astonishment for the American flag. Intense admirat ion should be given to Jefferson for he was able to handle the impressments of American diddlysquat In an appropriate manner.He was able to keep calm and not go to war with Britain even though there was a vast amount of anger In the United States towards the situation. rather of passing Into something more(prenominal) drastic such as war, Jefferson simply demanded the British to stay out of the U. Gs waters and for an apology. Lastly In relation to foreign relations, In 1803 war between France and Britain was renewed. As a war tactic for each one nation attempted to affect their opponents trade using neutral nations such as the United States.Jefferson adage this and In an attempt to keep peace between the United States and other nations, there was the embargo title which attenuate off the United States trade In hopes of getting Britain and Napoleon Into terms. (Embargo Act of 1802) Jefferson was unsuccessful when It came to the Embargo act neither the French nor Britain need ed the American trade as much as American trade needed them therefore not making a difference when It came to scaring the nations. What this would have done Instead of scaring Napoleon and Britain out of their conflict was, demolish theAmerican commerce which was what It was trying to protect. Jefferson as a president managed to fulfill a lot of his promises made In his Inaugural address regarding keeping peace and honest friendships with other nations. He was very successful and although he had a failure with the Embargo Act he still attempted to make a change therefore his grade of a B Is accurate due to his successful attempts and failure of the Embargo Act. Thomas Jefferson report card By watermelon United States at peace with nations in Europe during his first term, as wealth and tooth raids and tribute were signed.Although it wasnt something totally eliminating impressments of American jackstones in an appropriate manner. He was able to keep calm and not go to war with Brita in even though there was a vast amount of anger in the United States towards the situation. Instead of going into something more waters and for an apology. Lastly in relation to foreign relations, in 1803 war Jefferson saw this and in an attempt to keep peace between the United States and other nations, there was the Embargo Act which cut off the United States trade in popes of getting Britain and Napoleon into terms. Embargo Act of 1802).

College app Essay

1. Obtain operations. Applications corporation be obtained online at college websites downloadable and electronic applications atomic number 18 now open at most college websites. In fact, most colleges now prefer that applicants complete their online application (as opposed to the printable paper application), as it is more efficient for them and for you. Application angles may be waived by some schools if you use the electronic applications. However, if you would like to complete the application by hand, you may obtain a printable version online or by calling, writing, or e chargeing to request an application and information.Some applications be purchasable in the C beer Center (check with Ms. Roth). NOTE Students are responsible for completing and mailing their college applications, essays, and processing fees to the college to which they are applying. All of your application pieces do not have to be mailed at the same time. As materials are get, the colleges will create yo ur file. After submitting applications, you will want to follow up with each college to take a crap sure that they have received all pieces of your application so that they can pose to evaluate your application.2. entry a Senior Interview with your Counselor. Counselors will be meeting individually with you to discuss your post-graduation plans and to discuss how they can help you with the process and with your plans. If you are applying Early Decision or Early Action schedule a conference in SEPTEMBER. 3. Complete your natural process Sheet, Counselor Recommendation vaporing Sheet and Parent Brag Sheets. Pick up the brag sheets and an example of an drill sheet from your school counselor, Career Center or on Family inter-group communication in the Document Library section.4. Students mustiness complete an Annandale High School counterpart Request and Release of Records form at least three weeks prior to the colleges application deadline in order to lend oneself our student services staff ample time to process your transcript and/or letter of recommendation. This form can be retrieved from Ms. Garman in the Office of Student Services or in the Family Connection Document Library. Once completed and signed by you and your parent, the form should be returned to Ms.Garman along with the chase for each college youre applying to The colleges Secondary School Report Form (if required), a typed copy of your Activity Sheet, an AHS envelope address to the colleges Office of Admission and TWO stamps. If applying to more than 3 schools a $5. 00 fee is required for each excess school. Once the process is completed, your information will be mailed from our procedure to the colleges to which youre applying. 5. Obtain teacher or counselor recommendations. Students should refer to each colleges application to go let out out how many recommendations are required, if any. Not all schools require a recommendation.For Teacher recommendations, students must give the tea cher one self-addressed, stamped envelope for EACH school to which they are applying. The teacher will then mail the recommendation directly to each college. Again, enrapture be sure to give them at least 3 weeks notice on getting a letter of recommendation out. We recommend that Juniors ask their teachers if theyd be willing to write them a letter of recommendation for college at the end of their Junior year. For Counselor recommendations, students should exact out the Counselor Recommendation Brag Sheet and attach a typed or written Activity sheet or Resume of Activities.In addition, the students parent or guardian must fill out the Parent Information Sheet. Please be very detailed when filling out these forms. When finished, these forms should be given to your counselor at least three weeks prior to the colleges application deadline. Please note that your counselor will not write a letter of recommendation until these forms are received and a senior meeting has been held. 6. Re gister for all admissions essaysSAT I, SAT II, execute, and TOEFL. Fee waivers are available for students who receive free or reduced Lunch. Please ask your school counselor for a test fee waiver.Colleges require that student test scores be sent directly to them via Collegeboard (www. collegeboard. com) or ACT (www. act. org) or TOEFL (www. toefl. org). You may send your scores free of charge to a maximum of 4 schools if they are sent within the designated window of opportunity. You will have to pay a fee for any additional scores sent. 7. Begin Scholarship searches NOW Do not wait until you have been sure to college to begin your search for money A good place to start would be scholarship database in Family Connection under the College Tab if you dont know where this is, see Ms. Roth in the Career Center.8. Keep organized. fix up each schools materials in its own folder and create a check tilt for each application. Identify deadlines Remember that application deadlines and fin ancial aid deadlines are often times variant dates. 9. Dont succumb to Senioritis Dont stop working after you have been accepted you have been accepted to a college provided you finish out your second semester satisfactorily Colleges are not white-lipped to change their mind on their decision to accept you. 10. RELAX DONT STRESS off If you are, please see your counselor or Mrs. Roth in the Career Center for help with the process.

Inclusion of Special Needs Children in Regular Classrooms Essay

Bobby, a young boy, is diagnosed with autism at age 3. At age 5 his pargonnts attempt to place him into the kindergarten mob in their school district. The school district cherished to immediately put Bobby into a particular(prenominal) education classroom that is made up of entirely finicky necessitate clawren of all(prenominal) unalike disorders. Knowing that Bobby was pr hotshot to tantrums and uneasy with things unfamiliar to him, his p arnts wanted Bobby placed into a regular classroom with recipely functioning assimilators but with extra inspection and repair from perhaps an extra adjutant bird or instructor. The school district decided to accommodate Bobbys parents wishes and placed Bobby into a regular kindergarten classroom with a one-on-one aide who would also assist a few other kidren in the class when needed. This type of classroom is an inclusion classroom, meaning normally development students are placed in the similar class as special needs children so they underside all learn from each other. It is not always easy for special needs children to adjust to an inclusion classroom at first off, but they whence usually become a successful environment.In the beginning of the school year Bobby had frequent outbursts when told to live on from one activity onto another. These outbursts disturbed the classroom and Bobbys classmates. Somemultiplication Bobby would scream and cry NO when labored to relinquish a toy or supply to another student to teach him to share. Other times he wouldcry because he did not understand that every work out could not be his turn during games. transit times were always a problem, because Bobby did not comprehend the concept of finishing one activity and contemptible onto the next. He just did not understand that the previous activity would still be there to do at another time or place. However, after a period of time and observing the normal students in his classroom, Bobby began to give up fewer and s horter outbursts and began to understand simple concepts like finishing coloring and moving onto teaching his alphabet.Many parents argue that having special needs children in the classroom with their normal children will hinder everyones learning and cause disruptions and distractions. However, inclusion classrooms help to teach sensitivity to normal students and proper interaction with ships company to special needs students. Inclusion in the scholastic environment benefits both the disable student and the non-disabled student in obtaining erupt life skills. Byincluding all students as much as possible in general or regular education classes all students can learn to work cooperatively, work with different kinds of people, and how to help people in tasks. As J.W. Whitworth, the Department of Education Chair of Texas, notes, the goal of inclusion in schools is to create a world, in which all people are knowledgeable about and supportive of all other people, (3).Every child in a public school system is required to contract a Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) (Public Law 102-119). For gameyer-functioning children with special needs FAPE means be included in a regular classroom. Despite many arguments that special needs children are a hindrance to education in inclusion classrooms, the benefits of inclusive teaching outweigh the negative aspects. Any specialneeds child who is capable of functioning with some assistance in a mainstream classroom should be afforded that opportunity. No high functioning special needs student should be forced to remain in a classroom full of students that are lower functioning than them, therefore slowing slash their education.Of the many benefits aspects for children placed in inclusion classrooms, there is none more than important than the academic benefits. According to the ledger of Early Intervention, in a study of parents and teachers of inclusion classroom students, children with developmental disabilitie s placed in inclusion classrooms make outstanding improvements in language, cognitive and motor development that are above their peers in special education classrooms (52). genius way that students benefit is by learning skills of independence.Special needs students learn to depend on themselves first and then ask for help when they really need it. In the inclusive setting there wint be as much of an opportunity for teachers or aids to assist all of the students. In a study conducted by Johns Hopkins University (Success For All) it was determined that in an inclusion setting assessments showed improved reading carrying into action for all students, the most dramatic improvements occurred among the lowest achievers. (Stout, 2001). By placing the special needs students in with the general education students, all students are provided with better resources in the classroom.Aside from providing children with academic benefits, inclusion also provides children with a better understan ding and respect for diversity. Being in a setting with many different types of students with different needs and abilities provides students with a way to learn about differences and how they can help others. In the Success For Allstudy, results showed that the children touch on had a reduced fear of human differences accompanied by increased comfort and awareness (Stout, 2001). If children are separated in the school because of their developmental differences then they will never truly learn that it is satisfying to be a unique individual.According to the Early puerility Research Quarterly typically developing children from inclusive classrooms give significantly higher chooseance ratings to hypothetical peers with disabilities than children from setting that do not include children with disabilities (Hestenes, Carroll, 231). The imagination that it is acceptable to be different should become common knowledge to all students. With that knowledge, students can make the proximo a better place for everyone. whiz tangible problem that could be avoided in the future if children are given exposure to disabled children are that people will not be turned down for jobs by non-accepting employers who do not understand the capabilities of some disabled workers.Another major benefit that students can gain from being in an inclusion classroom is a heightened self-importance-concept. Larry Daniel and Debra King, writers for the Journal of educational Outreach believe that it is slackly agreed that children who have learning problems and/or those who are behaviorally impaired often develop a scant(p) self-concept (Volume 91, Issue 2, 67).One way that students can gain a better self-concept is by learning that all students have strengths and weaknesses in the classroom and that needing help is acceptable. Special needs students will see general education students communicate the teachers and the aids for help and they will realize that everyone needs help at some p oint (Daniel, King, 68). If a child who is viewed as smart asks a teacher how toread a certain passage, a learning disabled child will feel more comfortable with also asking for help with reading. Sometimes when a teacher starts children off with activities where they can not fail, it can build a better self-concept (Daniel, King, 68).For example, a teacher could start off a lesson with a creative activitysuch as drawing what one feels a story is about. Children cannot fail at this activity because it is all based upon their personal feelings. When a child feels good about an activity at which they succeeded, it builds the foundation for the belief that they can succeed at anything if they canvas. One way to build a childs self-concept that is easy and helpful to the teacher is by assigning small tasks around the room. Some such tasks could be watering plants, passing out paper, or cart track small errands. Assigning special tasks makes them feel important and enhances self-estee m. (Daniel, King, 68)The way that a teacher talks to a child may either strengthen or weaken a childs self-esteem. When a teacher uses many negative words and speaks loudly to a child in front of classmates that child may feel as if everyone will then make fun of him or her. This in turn makes the child feel poorly and lowers confidence. Wording phrases in a positive way can help to get the message across to the student effectively and mannerly (Daniel, King, 69). The childs enhanced self respect can lead to many sunrise(prenominal) friendships. Also, a refined self-concept develops feelings of empowerment in children. This new feeling can keep up self-confidence and allow the children to be less afraid to try new things.Through the many studies, laws, and the support of the government, inclusion has had a very beneficial effect on society as a whole. Students are learning at a younger age to accept people for who they are while learning reading and writing. They are learningthat e veryone is different but everyone is still special and should be accepted for being themselves. As they grow older inclusion stays beneficial by creating better self-esteem in the students. Ultimately, inclusion is benefiting society more and more every day, creating better and more educated people around the world.Works CitedWhitworth, J. W. A Model for Inclusive Teacher Preparation. Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education 1 (1999). Retrieved April 18. 2007, from http//www.ed.wright.edu16080/prenick/JournalArchives/Winter-1999/whitworth.html.Peck, C .A., Carlson, P., and Helmstetter, E. Parent and Teacher Perceptionsof Outcomes for Typically Developing Children Enrolled in incorporated Early Childhood Programs A Statewide Survey. Journal of Early Intervention (1992) 53-63.Stout, Katie. Special Education Inclusion. Educational Issues Series Wisconsin Education Association (2007). 18 Apr. 2007 .Hestenes, L. L. & Carroll, D. E. (2000) The play interactions of young children with an d without disabilities individual and environmental influences, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 15,229-246.Daniels, Larry G., and Debra A. King. Journal of Educational Outreach 91 (1997) 67-81. 18 Apr. 2007.

Different Treatment Organizations in Prisons

There are various intercession classs in prisons that I adopt discovered by contacting several organizations. I ordain described a entire range of political programs offered to inmates that second target special(a)(a) needs such as education, behavioral change, apparitional awareness, vocational gentility, parenting classes, human immunodeficiency virus prevention, and drug education. I forget describe each interposition programs that I nonplus found and discuss the purposes of each program. A program called the Volunteer Prison Education Program was launched in July 1997 at the Rikers Island Prison.I called and spoke with Joan Bloomgarden, who described this program as a quality educational know to inmates who would some other(a)wise not have access to learning. This unique program involves volunteer educators to motivate inmates to help themselves, their families and atomic number 53 another to create a learning community within the prison system. The purpose of t his program is to lift positive behavioral change, assist in prevention of crime, movement cooperatively with prosecutors, and to actively involve the families of inmates in crime prevention.Courses offered are Child Development, Understanding Your Anger, Art Education in Prison Toward Enhancing Self-Esteem, Conflict law of closure Practical Exploration, Basic Understanding of M wholenessy Management, and Basic Eye Care. I contacted The Prison refreshing induction Incorporated and spoke with Thomas Duffy, who was suit adapted to provide me information regarding their unique stress management and rehabilitative tuition program delivered to hardened distressings in U. S prisons.The purpose of this program is to teach the proper take a breath techniques to help inmates reduce and manage their stress levels in order to help them think more distinctly and to help them think about their actions. Taught by Prison ingenious initiation volunteers, this 6 to 10 sidereal day co nviction program utilizes advanced yoga ventilating system exercises and is based on the dynamic cleansing effects of the breath on the body and mind. As a result, they enjoy increased self-esteem and self-empowerment.Thousands who have completed the Prison SMART Foundations stress management programs are living proof. Prison administrators have reported that inmates who have participated in this program are easier to handle and exhibit less acting out in confrontational situations. I contacted the Prisoners for deliveryman Outreach Ministries based in Kirkland, WA, and spoke with Greg Von Tobel, to learn more information about programs offered to inmates.Prisoners For deliveryman services embarrass Church Services and Bible Studies, Two Year Bible Study Correspondence Course, single to integrity Visitation Outreach, Pen Pal Outreach, Special Projects Outreach, Literature, Heart to Heart Christmas Giving Program, Wives Outreach, Parent Outreach, Van conveyance of title Outrea ch, and Northwest Transitional Housing. The purposes of these services are to share the Gospel of Jesus Christ in the cast asides, prisons, and adolescent centers of the Northwest.In addition, Prisoners For Christ school with the men, women, and children who are incarcerated to become fully functioning, tax paying citizens and to assist their families. Statistics shows that date year alone, 16,326 inmates (men, women, and youth) attended these programs in 19 different institutions. About 6% of inmates made their first magazine commitments to the Lord Jesus Christ. I wanted to learn about several other types of treatment programs offered in prisons, so I contacted the calcium Department of Corrections. They have implemented several programs designed to benefit some(prenominal) the inmates and the unrestricted.I will briefly describe each of these programs and the purpose each one offers. The Joint run a risk Program, opened its doors in 1991, where private employers can contra ct with the atomic number 20 Department of Corrections to set up their businesses on prison grounds and hire inmate workers at competitive wages. This gives inmates the ability to provide stintingal benefits such as providing restitution to victims, becoming taxpayers, paying support to families, compensate costs for their incarceration, and mandatory nest egg to provide funds aft(prenominal) release from prison.The social benefits are the ability to develop good work habits, get into job experience, decrease inmate idleness, and to return to society motivated and skilled adults. The Mother babe Program is designed to help mothers reestablish bonds with their children, teach them valuable skills, and prepare them to return to society as working adults. Parenting classes, pre-employment training, and drug education classes are offered to help build better parenting relationships and brighter futures for inmates while they serve their time.In parenting classes, they learn how to talk and relate to their children and how to discipline effectively. Both mothers and children whitethorn also receive counseling. In pre-employment training, they construct practical information about applying, landing and hold oning a job. Since the majority of the mothers have had some part of chemical frontency in the past, they also attend drug education classes. The classes are geared to move on them from returning to their old habits, make them aware of the dangers of drug addiction, and show them how drugs not only impair their lives, merely especially their childrens.The California Conservation Camp Program intents to train and use inmates for conservation and development of pictorial resources. These conservation ingroups are located in some of the states most secluded wilderness areas. They provide a large force of trained crews for sack up fighting, resource conservation, and emergency assignments as necessary. In addition to plague fighting, other tasks assig ned to inmates are graffiti removal, reforestation, levee freshen up and flood control, pine bark beetle eradication and preservation, illegal dump site cleanup, wildlife habitat rehabilitation, and park and cemetery maintenance.During non-work hours inmates are involved in special projects such as freshen uping toys for disadvantaged children or on projects with the elderly or disabled. In some bivouacs vocational training programs are available. In others, inmates work on a variety of special projects such as road construction and prison building, which allow them to still learn and strengthen skills. As they repay their debt to society, camp inmates provide a real sparing benefit to local communities. In a typical year, they will work 2 million hours on fire fighting and fire prevention.They also will deteriorate almost 6 million hours on conservation projects and community service activities. Those who successfully complete training at prison conservation centers in Norther n and Southern California learn how their effectiveness and their lives look upon discipline and teamwork. When the time comes for parole, inmates have been exposed to good work habits and teamwork in the camp setting. This exposure provides them with a purpose, goals, and a sense of accomplishment in doing a job well done.Computer refurbishing program, launched in 1994, was unquestionable to refurbish used computers for Californias K-12 public schools. The California Department of Corrections trains inmates to refurbish donated computers then turns them over to the schools. Currently, the California Department of Corrections is responsible for 60 share of all refurbished computers placed in California public schools. The donated computer equipment comes in various states of disrepair. Some computers are obsolete for business purposes, others need minor repair and still others can only be used for parts.In the first year, nearly 2,000 refurbished computers made their bearing to California classrooms. By the end of 1997, 13 prisons had refurbished more than 35,000 computers for California schools, saving them close to $33 million. by dint of this program, the inmates learn and practice skills that will help prepare them for a future outside prison. I contacted San Quentin bow Prison, and spoke to Barry Zack, to find out about any treatment programs offered. One particular program called human immunodeficiency virus Prevention Education is required for all men entering the prison.This program offered since 1986, is to help inmates see the in the flesh(predicate) side to HIV, increase perception of risk, increase knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and reduce the risk of HIV, STDs, hepatitis and tuberculosis in prison and after(prenominal) release. Since 1991, inmates have received comprehensive mate education training to work as compeer educators. The training covers several topics such as public speaking techniques, awareness of alcohol and drugs and their elect ric shock on high-risk behaviors, HIV-related multi-cultural awareness, and HIV/AIDS in our society and in the world.About 40 peer educators are trained each year. After training, the peer educators conducts various services such as belief an HIV prevention orientation class, providing individual counseling, and providing prevention case management. Two different programs are offered to inmates precedent to their release from prison. One program is specifically for HIV + inmates and is offered as a two-week, 8 session interpellation that complicates such topics as self-esteem, health maintenance, community resources, stress management, substance use, legal issues, and barriers to care after release.The other program, conducted two weeks former to an inmates release, offers individual sessions to discuss preventing, acquiring, or transmitting HIV after release from prison. Topics covered include using condoms, avoiding drug and alcohol use, and avoiding needle sharing. I contact ed The Federal part of Prisons where they currently operate 42 residential treatment programs with an annual capacity of over 6,000 participants.For the 30 share of Federal inmates who have a history of moderate to severe substance abuse this program is able to provide drug treatment to all inmates who need it and are willing to accept it. This program offers inmates up to 500 hours of treatment, which focuses on individual responsibility and to deter future savage behavior. The goal of this program is to help identify, confront, and alter their attitudes, values, and thinking patterns that led them to their criminal behavior and drug or alcohol use.This program includes sessions on Screening and Assessment, Treatment Orientation, Criminal Lifestyle Confrontation, Cognitive Skill Building, Relapse Prevention, Inter individualized Skill Building, and Wellness. I have found these treatment programs to be suitable and adequate. Each organization, I spoke with has concluded that thes e programs not only offers benefits to the individual barely also to society as a whole. There are economic and social benefits that can be gained from these programs that I have just described.I have listed a childlike range of programs that help target special needs for inmates that may help deter future criminal behavior. We need these programs to help rehabilitate these inmates while they are serving their time in chink. It has been stressed that jail alone cannot deter a criminal from reoffending. By providing these various programs to inmates, we can help them become drug-free, educated, hard-working individuals earlier to being released from prison. Hopefully, whatever program an inmate has participated in can help change their behavioral patterns, which may help reduce the rate of recidivism.Different Treatment Organizations in PrisonsThere are various treatment programs in prisons that I have discovered by contacting several organizations. I will described a wide range of programs offered to inmates that help target special needs such as education, behavioral change, weird awareness, vocational training, parenting classes, HIV prevention, and drug education. I will describe each treatment programs that I have found and discuss the purposes of each program. A program called the Volunteer Prison Education Program was launched in July 1997 at the Rikers Island Prison.I called and spoke with Joan Bloomgarden, who described this program as a quality educational experience to inmates who would otherwise not have access to learning. This unique program involves volunteer educators to motivate inmates to help themselves, their families and one another to create a learning community within the prison system. The purpose of this program is to hike up positive behavioral change, assist in prevention of crime, work cooperatively with prosecutors, and to actively involve the families of inmates in crime prevention.Courses offered are Child Development, Unde rstanding Your Anger, Art Education in Prison Toward Enhancing Self-Esteem, Conflict firmness of purpose Practical Exploration, Basic Understanding of Money Management, and Basic Eye Care. I contacted The Prison SMART Foundation Incorporated and spoke with Thomas Duffy, who was able to provide me information regarding their unique stress management and rehabilitative training program delivered to hardened criminals in U. S prisons.The purpose of this program is to teach the proper breathing techniques to help inmates reduce and manage their stress levels in order to help them think more all the charge and to help them think about their actions. Taught by Prison SMART Foundation volunteers, this 6 to 10 day program utilizes advanced yoga breathing exercises and is based on the dynamic cleansing effects of the breath on the body and mind. As a result, they enjoy increased self-esteem and self-empowerment.Thousands who have completed the Prison SMART Foundations stress management pro grams are living proof. Prison administrators have reported that inmates who have participated in this program are easier to handle and exhibit less acting out in confrontational situations. I contacted the Prisoners for Christ Outreach Ministries based in Kirkland, WA, and spoke with Greg Von Tobel, to learn more information about programs offered to inmates.Prisoners For Christ services include Church Services and Bible Studies, Two Year Bible Study Correspondence Course, One to One Visitation Outreach, Pen Pal Outreach, Special Projects Outreach, Literature, Heart to Heart Christmas Giving Program, Wives Outreach, Parent Outreach, Van expat Outreach, and Northwest Transitional Housing. The purposes of these services are to share the Gospel of Jesus Christ in the jails, prisons, and youthful centers of the Northwest.In addition, Prisoners For Christ work with the men, women, and children who are incarcerated to become fully functioning, tax paying citizens and to assist their fa milies. Statistics shows that defy year alone, 16,326 inmates (men, women, and youth) attended these programs in 19 different institutions. About 6% of inmates made their first time commitments to the Lord Jesus Christ. I wanted to learn about several other types of treatment programs offered in prisons, so I contacted the California Department of Corrections. They have implemented several programs designed to benefit twain the inmates and the public.I will briefly describe each of these programs and the purpose each one offers. The Joint gauge Program, opened its doors in 1991, where private employers can contract with the California Department of Corrections to set up their businesses on prison grounds and hire inmate workers at competitive wages. This gives inmates the ability to provide scotch benefits such as providing restitution to victims, becoming taxpayers, paying support to families, compensate costs for their incarceration, and mandatory savings to provide funds afte r release from prison.The social benefits are the ability to develop good work habits, gain job experience, decrease inmate idleness, and to return to society motivated and skilled adults. The Mother infant Program is designed to help mothers reestablish bonds with their children, teach them valuable skills, and prepare them to return to society as working adults. Parenting classes, pre-employment training, and drug education classes are offered to help build better parenting relationships and brighter futures for inmates while they serve their time.In parenting classes, they learn how to talk and relate to their children and how to discipline effectively. Both mothers and children may also receive counseling. In pre-employment training, they gain practical information about applying, landing and keeping a job. Since the majority of the mothers have had some sift of chemical dependency in the past, they also attend drug education classes. The classes are geared to keep them from r eturning to their old habits, make them aware of the dangers of drug addiction, and show them how drugs not only impair their lives, but especially their childrens.The California Conservation Camp Program intents to train and use inmates for conservation and development of congenital resources. These conservation camps are located in some of the states most secluded wilderness areas. They provide a large force of trained crews for fire fighting, resource conservation, and emergency assignments as necessary. In addition to fire fighting, other tasks assigned to inmates are graffiti removal, reforestation, levee repair and flood control, pine bark beetle eradication and preservation, illegal dump site cleanup, wildlife habitat rehabilitation, and park and cemetery maintenance.During non-work hours inmates are involved in special projects such as repairing toys for disadvantaged children or on projects with the elderly or disabled. In some camps vocational training programs are availa ble. In others, inmates work on a variety of special projects such as road construction and prison building, which allow them to still learn and strengthen skills. As they repay their debt to society, camp inmates provide a real economic benefit to local communities. In a typical year, they will work 2 million hours on fire fighting and fire prevention.They also will go almost 6 million hours on conservation projects and community service activities. Those who successfully complete training at prison conservation centers in Northern and Southern California learn how their effectiveness and their lives depend upon discipline and teamwork. When the time comes for parole, inmates have been exposed to good work habits and teamwork in the camp setting. This exposure provides them with a purpose, goals, and a sense of accomplishment in doing a job well done.Computer refurbishing program, launched in 1994, was essential to refurbish used computers for Californias K-12 public schools. The California Department of Corrections trains inmates to refurbish donated computers then turns them over to the schools. Currently, the California Department of Corrections is responsible for 60 percent of all refurbished computers placed in California public schools. The donated computer equipment comes in various states of disrepair. Some computers are obsolete for business purposes, others need minor repair and still others can only be used for parts.In the first year, nearly 2,000 refurbished computers made their way to California classrooms. By the end of 1997, 13 prisons had refurbished more than 35,000 computers for California schools, saving them close to $33 million. through this program, the inmates learn and practice skills that will help prepare them for a future outside prison. I contacted San Quentin pass on Prison, and spoke to Barry Zack, to find out about any treatment programs offered. One particular program called HIV Prevention Education is required for all men entering the prison.This program offered since 1986, is to help inmates see the personal side to HIV, increase perception of risk, increase knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and reduce the risk of HIV, STDs, hepatitis and tuberculosis in prison and after release. Since 1991, inmates have received comprehensive peer education training to work as peer educators. The training covers several topics such as public speaking techniques, awareness of alcohol and drugs and their strike on high-risk behaviors, HIV-related multi-cultural awareness, and HIV/AIDS in our society and in the world.About 40 peer educators are trained each year. After training, the peer educators conducts various services such as statement an HIV prevention orientation class, providing individual counseling, and providing prevention case management. Two different programs are offered to inmates earlier to their release from prison. One program is specifically for HIV + inmates and is offered as a two-week, 8 session discus sion that includes such topics as self-esteem, health maintenance, community resources, stress management, substance use, legal issues, and barriers to care after release.The other program, conducted two weeks prior to an inmates release, offers individual sessions to discuss preventing, acquiring, or transmitting HIV after release from prison. Topics covered include using condoms, avoiding drug and alcohol use, and avoiding needle sharing. I contacted The Federal means of Prisons where they currently operate 42 residential treatment programs with an annual capacity of over 6,000 participants.For the 30 percent of Federal inmates who have a history of moderate to severe substance abuse this program is able to provide drug treatment to all inmates who need it and are willing to accept it. This program offers inmates up to 500 hours of treatment, which focuses on individual responsibility and to deter future criminal behavior. The goal of this program is to help identify, confront, a nd alter their attitudes, values, and thinking patterns that led them to their criminal behavior and drug or alcohol use.This program includes sessions on Screening and Assessment, Treatment Orientation, Criminal Lifestyle Confrontation, Cognitive Skill Building, Relapse Prevention, Interpersonal Skill Building, and Wellness. I have found these treatment programs to be suitable and adequate. Each organization, I spoke with has concluded that these programs not only offers benefits to the individual but also to society as a whole. There are economic and social benefits that can be gained from these programs that I have just described.I have listed a wide range of programs that help target special needs for inmates that may help deter future criminal behavior. We need these programs to help rehabilitate these inmates while they are serving their time in jail. It has been stressed that jail alone cannot deter a criminal from reoffending. By providing these various programs to inmates, we can help them become drug-free, educated, hard-working individuals prior to being released from prison. Hopefully, whatever program an inmate has participated in can help change their behavioral patterns, which may help reduce the rate of recidivism.